Radar Systems By Bakshi Pdf 39: A Comprehensive and Easy-to-Understand Book on Radar Systems
Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39
If you are looking for a comprehensive and easy-to-understand book on radar systems, you might want to check out Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39. This book covers all the essential topics related to radar theory, design, operation, and applications. It is written by Uday A. Bakshi, a professor of electronics engineering at Pune University, India. In this article, we will give you an overview of what this book is about, what you can learn from it, and how you can download it for free.
Radar Systems By Bakshi Pdf 39
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What is radar?
Radar stands for radio detection and ranging. It is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to detect the presence, location, speed, direction, and shape of objects. Radar was invented in the early 20th century as a means of detecting enemy aircraft during World War II. Since then, it has been widely used for various purposes such as air traffic control, navigation, weather forecasting, astronomy, remote sensing, military surveillance, law enforcement, etc.
Types of radar systems
There are many types of radar systems, depending on the characteristics of the transmitted and received signals, the mode of operation, the purpose, and the application. Here are some of the common types of radar systems:
Continuous wave radar
This type of radar transmits a continuous stream of electromagnetic waves with a constant frequency. The receiver measures the frequency shift (Doppler effect) of the reflected waves from the moving targets. This type of radar can measure the relative speed and direction of the targets, but not their distance. It is used for speed enforcement, collision avoidance, missile guidance, etc.
Pulse radar
This type of radar transmits a series of short pulses of electromagnetic waves with a fixed interval. The receiver measures the time delay (round-trip time) of the reflected pulses from the targets. This type of radar can measure the distance and direction of the targets, but not their speed. It is used for air traffic control, navigation, surveillance, etc.
Doppler radar
This type of radar combines the features of continuous wave and pulse radars. It transmits a series of pulses with varying frequency (frequency modulation). The receiver measures both the time delay and the frequency shift of the reflected pulses from the targets. This type of radar can measure the distance, speed, and direction of the targets. It is used for weather forecasting, missile tracking, etc.
Phased array radar
This type of radar uses an array of multiple antennas that can electronically steer the beam of electromagnetic waves in different directions. The receiver can process the signals from multiple targets simultaneously. This type of radar can scan a large area quickly and accurately. It is used for air defense, ballistic missile defense, etc.
Principles of radar operation
Radar systems operate based on some basic principles and concepts that are essential to understand how they work and what they can do. Here are some of them:
Radar equation
The radar equation is a formula that relates the power of the transmitted signal (Pt), the power of the received signal (Pr), and various factors that affect them such as the wavelength (λ), the antenna gain (G), the target cross-section (σ), and the distance (R). The radar equation can be written as:
$$ P_r = \fracP_t G^2 \lambda^2 \sigma(4\pi)^3 R^4 $$ The radar equation can be used to estimate the maximum range (Rmax) that a radar can detect a target with a given cross-section and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The SNR is a measure of how much the signal stands out from the background noise. The higher the SNR, the better the detection performance.
Radar range and resolution
The radar range is the maximum distance that a radar can detect a target. The range depends on several factors such as the power of the transmitter, the sensitivity of the receiver, the antenna gain, the target cross-section, and the noise level.
The radar resolution is the minimum distance that a radar can distinguish between two targets. The resolution depends on several factors such as the bandwidth of the transmitter, the pulse width, and the beam width.
Radar modulation and coding
Radar modulation is the process of varying some parameter of the transmitted signal such as its frequency, phase, or amplitude. Radar modulation can improve the performance and efficiency of radar systems by enhancing SNR, reducing interference, increasing resolution, etc.
Radar coding is the process of assigning a unique pattern or sequence to each transmitted pulse or wave. Radar coding can improve the performance and efficiency of radar systems by increasing SNR, reducing ambiguity, increasing diversity, etc.
Radar antennas and propagation
Radar antennas are devices that convert electrical signals into electromagnetic waves and vice versa. Radar antennas have two main functions: transmitting and receiving. Radar antennas have various characteristics such as shape, size, polarization, directivity, gain, etc.
Radar propagation is the process of how electromagnetic waves travel through space and interact with objects and media. Radar propagation is affected by various factors such as reflection, refraction, scattering, absorption, attenuation, etc.
Radar systems by Bakshi
Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39 is a book that covers all aspects of radar systems in a clear and concise manner. It is intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of electronics engineering who want to learn about radar theory and applications. It is also useful for professionals and researchers who want to refresh their knowledge or update their skills in this field.
Chapter 1: Introduction to radar systems
This chapter introduces the basic concepts and terminology of radar systems. It explains the functions and components of a radar system, the types and classifications of radar systems, the advantages and disadvantages of radar systems, and the applications and examples of radar systems.
Chapter 2: Radar fundamentals
This chapter covers the fundamental principles and concepts of radar operation. It derives and explains the radar equation, the factors that affect the radar range and resolution, the methods of radar modulation and coding, and the characteristics and effects of radar antennas and propagation.
Chapter 3: CW and FM-CW radars
This chapter discusses the theory and design of continuous wave (CW) and frequency modulated continuous wave (FM-CW) radars. It describes the working principle, block diagram, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of CW and FM-CW radars. It also explains the concepts of Doppler frequency shift, beat frequency, range ambiguity, range resolution, velocity measurement, etc.
Chapter 4: MTI and pulse Doppler radars
This chapter discusses the theory and design of moving target indication (MTI) and pulse Doppler radars. It describes the working principle, block diagram, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of MTI and pulse Doppler radars. It also explains the concepts of clutter, clutter rejection, delay line canceller, blind speed, staggered PRF, coherent integration, etc.
Chapter 5: Tracking radars
This chapter discusses the theory and design of tracking radars. It describes the working principle, block diagram, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of tracking radars. It also explains the concepts of tracking modes, tracking errors, tracking loops, angle measurement, monopulse technique, conical scan, sequential lobing, etc.
Chapter 6: Detection of radar signals in noise
This chapter discusses the statistical analysis of radar signals and noise. It describes the sources and characteristics of noise in radar systems. It also explains the methods of improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) such as integration, filtering, thresholding, etc. It also introduces the concepts of probability of detection (Pd), probability of false alarm (Pfa), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), etc.
Chapter 7: Radar transmitters and receivers
This chapter discusses the components and functions of radar transmitters and receivers. It describes the types and characteristics of radar transmitters such as magnetron, klystron, travelling wave tube (TWT), solid state transmitter (SST), etc. It also describes the types and characteristics of radar receivers such as superheterodyne receiver, homodyne receiver, coherent receiver, non-coherent receiver, etc.
Chapter 8: Radar antennas and wave propagation
This chapter revisits the topics of radar antennas and propagation in more detail. It describes the types and characteristics of radar antennas such as isotropic antenna, dipole antenna, horn antenna, parabolic reflector antenna, slot antenna, helical antenna, phased array antenna, etc. It also describes the effects of the atmosphere on radar waves such as refraction, reflection, scattering, absorption, attenuation, etc.
How to download Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39?
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Conclusion
Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39 is a comprehensive and easy-to-understand book on radar systems. It covers all the essential topics related to radar theory, design, operation, and applications. It is suitable for students, professionals, and researchers who want to learn about radar systems or update their knowledge and skills in this field. It is also a valuable reference for anyone who is interested in radar systems and their applications. If you want to download Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39 for free, you can try searching for it online. However, we advise you to buy a legitimate copy of this book from a reputable online store or publisher.
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions and answers about Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39:
Who is the author of Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39?
The author of Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39 is Uday A. Bakshi, a professor of electronics engineering at Pune University, India.
What is the purpose of Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39?
The purpose of Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39 is to provide a comprehensive and easy-to-understand introduction to radar systems and their applications.
What are the main topics covered in Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39?
The main topics covered in Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39 are: what is radar, types of radar systems, principles of radar operation, radar systems by Bakshi, and how to download Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39.
How many pages are there in Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39?
There are 136 pages in Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39.
Where can I buy Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39?
You can buy Radar Systems by Bakshi PDF 39 from a reputable online store or publisher such as Amazon, Flipkart, McGraw-Hill, etc.
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